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Topography and transform fault boundary. 

The sign and magnitude of the topography depends on how much contraction or extension occurs across the fault.  The picture on the left shows the sharp negative topography gradient in the vicinity of the Cos transform fault that admits a component in extension (South Atlantic ocean).  In New Zealand, the Alpine transform fault admits a component in shortening which lead to the formation of a high elevated mountain belt (positive topography).

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge emerges as the South American and African plates pull apart at the "slow" rate of approximately 30 millimeters per year. The axis of the ridge is marked by a 2 km deep rift valley, which is typical of most slow-spreading ridges. The map reveals a 12 km jog of the rift valley, a second-order discontinuity, and also shows a first-order discontinuity called the Cox transform fault. Colours indicate depths from 1900 m (pink) to 4200 m (dark blue).
More at: http://magic.geol.ucsb.edu/~ken/sciam.html

 

Computer-generated detailed topographic map of New Zealand and its surroundings, showing the extend of the Alpine transform fault.  Some of the highest peaks on the southern hemisphere result from the Alpine fault.