1/ ~15
2/ ~0-20 cm/y
3/ High topography, lots of earthquackes, volcanoes?
4/ There are 4=Pacific Plate, Philippine plate, Antarctic Plate, and Eurasian Plate.
5/ Transform boundary with the Pacific Plate (Alpine fault in New Zealand), convergent with Pacific Plate (in PNG), convergent with the Eurasian Plate (Sunda arc), and divergent with Antarctica.
6/ Transform, divergent, convergent.
7/ Divergent boundary: Atlantic Mid-oceanic Ridge, Convergent boundary: South American cordillera, Transform boundary: San-Andreas fault.
8/ High-angle subduction zone favour the developement of extension in the upper plate and therefore the development of backarc basin.
9/ Flush instability results from the collapse of the asthenosphere-mesosphere boundary (~640 km depth) under the pressure of cold lithospheric material.
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10/ Layer where heat is transmitted through conduction.
11/ At the core/mantle boundary.
12/ 350-650ºC depending on the age of the continental lithosphere.
13/ An isotherm.
14/ ~1300ºC
15/ U (Uranium), Th (Thorium), K (Potassium).
16/ In the continental crust.
17/ ~2700 kg/m3.
18/ ~3370 kg/m3.
19/ The upper crust and the upper mantle when the temperature at the Moho is < 600ºC.
20/ The depth underneath which there is no lateral variation in confining pressure. |
