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Extension of stable continental lithosphere: Numerical experiments
Generalized model of continental lithosphere. Mechanical and thermal boundary conditions on the left reflect symmetry. A uniform force is applied to the right boundary (dynamic condition), or alternatively a constant strain rate (kinematic condition), the top of the lithosphere is at 0ºC, and a constant basal heat flow qb is applied to the lower boundary. Isostatic rebound forces act on density interfaces. Horizontal components of gravitational forces associated with the vertical displacement of density interfaces are neglected.